Farmers across several Indian states are showing renewed interest in indigenous cattle breeds. This shift is linked to lower input costs and better adaptability to local conditions.
India has a long history of indigenous cattle breeds such as Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Tharparkar. These breeds are known for heat tolerance and disease resistance.
In the past few decades, crossbreeding with exotic breeds like Holstein Friesian increased milk production. However, crossbred cattle require higher feed, controlled conditions, and regular veterinary care.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission
The Government of India launched the Rashtriya Gokul Mission to conserve and develop indigenous breeds. The program supports breeding centers, artificial insemination, and farmer awareness.
The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and state dairy federations are also promoting breed improvement programs.
There is also growing market demand for A2 milk, which is often associated with indigenous breeds. Some private dairies and cooperatives offer higher prices for such milk.
Data from the Department of Animal Husbandry shows an increase in the population of certain indigenous breeds in recent livestock censuses.
Feed requirements are lower
Farmers report lower maintenance costs with indigenous cattle. Feed requirements are lower, and animals adapt better to local climate stress.
A dairy farmer in Madhya Pradesh, cited in state agriculture department reports, noted fewer disease cases in indigenous cows compared to crossbred animals. This reduced veterinary expenses.
Milk yield per animal is usually lower than high-yield crossbreeds. However, farmers often report stable income due to reduced costs and niche market pricing.
Indigenous breeds also support mixed farming systems. Their dung is used for organic manure and biogas, which reduces fertilizer and fuel expenses.
The shift reflects a cost-based decision rather than a yield-based one. Farmers are balancing income stability with lower risk.
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