Millet cultivation has expanded across several Indian states in recent years. Farmers are shifting from water-intensive crops like paddy and sugarcane to millets due to lower water needs.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, millets require about one-third of the water used for rice. They can grow in rain-fed conditions and poor soils.
States such as Karnataka, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan have reported increased millet acreage. Government programs have also supported this shift.
Government procurement and promotion increase demand
The government declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets. This led to increased awareness and policy support.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) for millets has been raised steadily. Procurement systems are being strengthened in some states.
Millets are now included in public distribution systems in selected regions. Mid-day meal schemes have also started including millet-based food in schools.
Food processing companies are launching millet-based products such as flour, snacks, and ready-to-eat items. This has expanded market demand beyond rural areas.
Climate conditions influence crop choice
Erratic rainfall and rising temperatures have affected traditional crops. Agricultural data shows yield variability in paddy due to delayed monsoon or dry spells.
Millets are more resilient to such conditions. They can tolerate drought and require fewer chemical inputs.
Agricultural universities and Krishi Vigyan Kendras are promoting improved millet varieties. These varieties offer better yield and pest resistance.
Farmers who shifted to millets report reduced input costs. A farmer in Odisha, cited in a state agriculture report, said his irrigation and fertilizer costs dropped after switching crops.
Yield per acre may be lower compared to paddy. But overall risk is reduced. Farmers face fewer losses during dry periods.
Millets also improve soil structure. Crop rotation with millets helps maintain soil fertility.
The expansion reflects a response to both market demand and climate conditions. Farmers are choosing crops that balance cost, risk, and yield.
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