Better earnings in vegetable cultivation from Protected Cultivation, know how much profit is made from Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh
Effective technology for less fertile and less waterlogged areas
Under Protected Cultivation, cultivation is done in controlled weather in Polyhouse, Shednet House, Low Tunnel, Green House and drip is applied for irrigation. From this water is filtered and delivered to the plants. Fertilizer is also given through drip. Sprinklers and foggers are used to control the temperature. Production can be taken from crops according to the need of the people off-season or according to the market demand. Through this technique, double to ten times more production can be taken as compared to conventional farming. For the structure of protected farming, grants and loans from banks are provided by the National Horticulture Mission from the Central Government and the Department of Agriculture Horticulture on behalf of the State Government. Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh, Professor of Vegetable Division of Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, in conversation with Kisan of India, told about the benefits from protected farming to production.
Better earning from high quality vegetables in off season
Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh says that the techniques of protected cultivation in dry land provide favourable micro-climatic conditions for production of high quality vegetables. Through these structures, farmers can grow many crops throughout the year on a piece of land. The plant nursery grows easily in various naturally ventilated polyhouses.
Effective technology for less fertile and less waterlogged areas
With this technique, the area where crops do not grow can also be cultivated through protected farming. This technique protects the crop from wind, rain, snow and birds. It promotes advanced farming techniques, hydroponics, aeroponics, vertical farming. Crops need less irrigation by cultivating this technique. Pests and diseases are effectively controlled in these structures. Structures with protected cultivation are very beneficial to the farmers as the cost of hybrid seeds is very high. For this it is necessary that every seed germinates.
Dr. Rajesh told that more production of good quality vegetables can be done even in less fertile land. He said that in Bundelkhand, farmers are troubled with water problem, but if they cultivate in structures with protected cultivation, then better production can be achieved even in less water. In this micro irrigation system is used.
Bumper production from cucumber in protected farming
According to Dr. Rajesh, seedless cucumber can be grown from August to October, November to February and February to May in a naturally ventilated polyhouse, that is, three crops can be taken in an year. For this, suitable species can be used Kian Satis, Hilton, Multistar, Sun Star and Viza. He said that a crop of cucumber in a polyhouse of 200 square meters gives yield of about 30 to 35 quintals. Due to this, the total income goes up to one lakh rupees and after deducting the expenses, 60 to 65 thousand rupees are saved in four months. In this way, there is savings of about 1.5 lakh to two lakh rupees in an year. If the farmer cultivates seedless cucumber in insect proof net-house, then yield of about 26 quintals is obtained. In this, about 80 thousand is saved by deducting the cost. On the other hand, seedless cucumber yields from 20 to 22 quintals are available in shade net. One crop saves 65 to 70 thousand rupees by cutting cost.
Good income from cultivation of coloured capsicum in shade net and polyhouse
Dr. Rajesh Kumar told that if farmers cultivate coloured capsicum in protected cultivation, then it can be planted in August and production can be taken till May. In a naturally ventilated polyhouse in an area of 200 square meters, a yield of 20 to 22 quintals of coloured capsicum can be grown. Due to this, the total income increases to more than one lakh rupees and after deducting the income, there is a saving of 50 to 60 thousand rupees. In the same shade net, its yield ranges from 15 to 16 quintals. With this, the net income is available from 35 to 40 thousand rupees. In insect proof net-house, 17 to 18 quintals of coloured capsicum can be produced, due to which net income can be obtained from 38 thousand to 40 thousand rupees after deducting the expenses. Coloured capsicum varieties Indra Bombi Natasha, Spina Lakshmi in red colour and Swarna, Kanchan, Aurobel Super Gold in yellow colour varieties are found.
Bumper production of quality tomatoes in less space
Rajesh Kumar says that by cultivating undetermined varieties of tomatoes in a naturally ventilated polyhouse from an area of 200 square meters, yields ranging from 50 to 52 quintals can be obtained. Due to this the total income becomes about one lakh and after deducting the cost, there is saving of 50 to 55 thousand rupees. On the other hand, in shade net, its yield is 40 to 42 quintals, due to which after removing the cost, the net income becomes 35 to 38 thousand rupees. At the same time, 46 to 48 quintals of tomato can be produced in insect proof net-house. After deducting the expenses, the net income is up to 50 thousand rupees. The undetermined tomato varieties GS-600, IT-32, Snow Shikhar, Himsona, Snehlata and Rakshita are suitable varieties.
Adopt Multilayer Farming Techniques in Protected Cultivations
According to agricultural experts, by adopting the technique of multilayer farming in structures with protected cultivation, income can be taken by planting the crop according to the season in the space between the beds and the side of the polyhouse. He said that by growing several crops at the same time, there is not only saving of manure and water, but the crops also get nutrients from each other. To adopt multilayer farming, you can grow different crops according to the climate of your area. However, its principle remains that the crop should be decided according to the depth of the roots and the height of the plant. Crops growing at the same depth and up to the same height cannot be grown together. Dr. Rajesh said that along with cucumber crop in natural polyhouse, one can get additional income by sowing undetermined variety of tomato like cabbage and grape vine on the beds in the remaining space of one and a half to two meters on the edge. He said that about 18 to 20 tomato plants are planted in a 200 meter polyhouse, due to which 25 kg tomato yield is obtained from each plant and the farmer can get additional income by cultivating cabbage on the beds below. Apart from this, he said that cabbage, spinach, garlic and coriander are also being cultivated in the polyhouse.
Dr. Rajesh told that in the first year the total expenditure for making 200 square meter polyhouse comes to about four lakh rupees. In this, a grant of up to Rs 2 lakh 75 thousand is available from the Horticulture Department. If the farmer does farming in this polyhouse with the right technology, then the farmer can get an income of 1.5 to two lakh rupees annually. He said that small sized protected farming is very beneficial for the economically weak and small farmers. Medium, small and marginal farmers can also increase their income by adopting the technique.
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